diff --git a/app/controllers/api/base_controller.rb b/app/controllers/api/base_controller.rb
index b863d8643..72c30dec7 100644
--- a/app/controllers/api/base_controller.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/api/base_controller.rb
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ class Api::BaseController < ApplicationController
   DEFAULT_ACCOUNTS_LIMIT = 40
 
   include RateLimitHeaders
+  include AccessTokenTrackingConcern
 
   skip_before_action :store_current_location
   skip_before_action :require_functional!, unless: :whitelist_mode?
diff --git a/app/controllers/concerns/access_token_tracking_concern.rb b/app/controllers/concerns/access_token_tracking_concern.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf60cfb99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/controllers/concerns/access_token_tracking_concern.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module AccessTokenTrackingConcern
+  extend ActiveSupport::Concern
+
+  ACCESS_TOKEN_UPDATE_FREQUENCY = 24.hours.freeze
+
+  included do
+    before_action :update_access_token_last_used
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def update_access_token_last_used
+    doorkeeper_token.update_last_used(request) if access_token_needs_update?
+  end
+
+  def access_token_needs_update?
+    doorkeeper_token.present? && (doorkeeper_token.last_used_at.nil? || doorkeeper_token.last_used_at < ACCESS_TOKEN_UPDATE_FREQUENCY.ago)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/app/controllers/concerns/session_tracking_concern.rb b/app/controllers/concerns/session_tracking_concern.rb
index 45361b019..eaaa4ac59 100644
--- a/app/controllers/concerns/session_tracking_concern.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/concerns/session_tracking_concern.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 module SessionTrackingConcern
   extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
-  UPDATE_SIGN_IN_HOURS = 24
+  SESSION_UPDATE_FREQUENCY = 24.hours.freeze
 
   included do
     before_action :set_session_activity
@@ -17,6 +17,6 @@ module SessionTrackingConcern
   end
 
   def session_needs_update?
-    !current_session.nil? && current_session.updated_at < UPDATE_SIGN_IN_HOURS.hours.ago
+    !current_session.nil? && current_session.updated_at < SESSION_UPDATE_FREQUENCY.ago
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/controllers/concerns/user_tracking_concern.rb b/app/controllers/concerns/user_tracking_concern.rb
index 45f3aab0d..e960cce53 100644
--- a/app/controllers/concerns/user_tracking_concern.rb
+++ b/app/controllers/concerns/user_tracking_concern.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 module UserTrackingConcern
   extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
-  UPDATE_SIGN_IN_FREQUENCY = 24.hours.freeze
+  SIGN_IN_UPDATE_FREQUENCY = 24.hours.freeze
 
   included do
     before_action :update_user_sign_in
@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ module UserTrackingConcern
   end
 
   def user_needs_sign_in_update?
-    user_signed_in? && (current_user.current_sign_in_at.nil? || current_user.current_sign_in_at < UPDATE_SIGN_IN_FREQUENCY.ago)
+    user_signed_in? && (current_user.current_sign_in_at.nil? || current_user.current_sign_in_at < SIGN_IN_UPDATE_FREQUENCY.ago)
   end
 end
diff --git a/app/helpers/application_helper.rb b/app/helpers/application_helper.rb
index 36c66b7d1..c5d9bbc19 100644
--- a/app/helpers/application_helper.rb
+++ b/app/helpers/application_helper.rb
@@ -224,4 +224,19 @@ module ApplicationHelper
     content_tag(:script, json_escape(json).html_safe, id: 'initial-state', type: 'application/json')
     # rubocop:enable Rails/OutputSafety
   end
+
+  def grouped_scopes(scopes)
+    scope_parser      = ScopeParser.new
+    scope_transformer = ScopeTransformer.new
+
+    scopes.each_with_object({}) do |str, h|
+      scope = scope_transformer.apply(scope_parser.parse(str))
+
+      if h[scope.key]
+        h[scope.key].merge!(scope)
+      else
+        h[scope.key] = scope
+      end
+    end.values
+  end
 end
diff --git a/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/admin.scss b/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/admin.scss
index 2e212eca5..f49a354dc 100644
--- a/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/admin.scss
+++ b/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/admin.scss
@@ -907,6 +907,12 @@ a.name-tag,
       text-decoration: none;
       margin-bottom: 10px;
 
+      .account-role {
+        vertical-align: middle;
+      }
+    }
+
+    a.announcements-list__item__title {
       &:hover,
       &:focus,
       &:active {
@@ -925,6 +931,10 @@ a.name-tag,
       align-items: center;
     }
 
+    &__permissions {
+      margin-top: 10px;
+    }
+
     &:last-child {
       border-bottom: 0;
     }
diff --git a/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/containers.scss b/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/containers.scss
index e40ad18ff..a180df437 100644
--- a/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/containers.scss
+++ b/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/containers.scss
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 .container-alt {
   width: 700px;
   margin: 0 auto;
-  margin-top: 40px;
 
   @media screen and (max-width: 740px) {
     width: 100%;
@@ -67,22 +66,20 @@
   line-height: 18px;
   box-sizing: border-box;
   padding: 20px 0;
-  padding-bottom: 0;
-  margin-bottom: -30px;
   margin-top: 40px;
+  margin-bottom: 10px;
+  border-bottom: 1px solid $ui-base-color;
 
   @media screen and (max-width: 440px) {
     width: 100%;
     margin: 0;
-    margin-bottom: 10px;
     padding: 20px;
-    padding-bottom: 0;
   }
 
   .avatar {
     width: 40px;
     height: 40px;
-    margin-right: 8px;
+    margin-right: 10px;
 
     img {
       width: 100%;
@@ -96,7 +93,7 @@
   .name {
     flex: 1 1 auto;
     color: $secondary-text-color;
-    width: calc(100% - 88px);
+    width: calc(100% - 90px);
 
     .username {
       display: block;
@@ -110,7 +107,7 @@
     display: block;
     font-size: 32px;
     line-height: 40px;
-    margin-left: 8px;
+    margin-left: 10px;
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/forms.scss b/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/forms.scss
index 65f53471d..6e02e2332 100644
--- a/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/forms.scss
+++ b/app/javascript/styles/mastodon/forms.scss
@@ -800,9 +800,41 @@ code {
       }
     }
   }
+}
 
-  @media screen and (max-width: 740px) and (min-width: 441px) {
-    margin-top: 40px;
+.oauth-prompt {
+  h3 {
+    color: $ui-secondary-color;
+    font-size: 17px;
+    line-height: 22px;
+    font-weight: 500;
+    margin-bottom: 30px;
+  }
+
+  p {
+    font-size: 14px;
+    line-height: 18px;
+    margin-bottom: 30px;
+  }
+
+  .permissions-list {
+    border: 1px solid $ui-base-color;
+    border-radius: 4px;
+    background: darken($ui-base-color, 4%);
+    margin-bottom: 30px;
+  }
+
+  .actions {
+    margin: 0 -10px;
+    display: flex;
+
+    form {
+      box-sizing: border-box;
+      padding: 0 10px;
+      flex: 1 1 auto;
+      min-height: 1px;
+      width: 50%;
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -1005,3 +1037,38 @@ code {
     display: none;
   }
 }
+
+.permissions-list {
+  &__item {
+    padding: 15px;
+    color: $ui-secondary-color;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid lighten($ui-base-color, 4%);
+    display: flex;
+    align-items: center;
+
+    &__text {
+      flex: 1 1 auto;
+
+      &__title {
+        font-weight: 500;
+      }
+
+      &__type {
+        color: $darker-text-color;
+      }
+    }
+
+    &__icon {
+      flex: 0 0 auto;
+      font-size: 18px;
+      width: 30px;
+      color: $valid-value-color;
+      display: flex;
+      align-items: center;
+    }
+
+    &:last-child {
+      border-bottom: 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/app/lib/access_token_extension.rb b/app/lib/access_token_extension.rb
index 3e184e775..2cafaaa20 100644
--- a/app/lib/access_token_extension.rb
+++ b/app/lib/access_token_extension.rb
@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ module AccessTokenExtension
     update(revoked_at: clock.now.utc)
   end
 
+  def update_last_used(request, clock = Time)
+    update(last_used_at: clock.now.utc, last_used_ip: request.remote_ip)
+  end
+
   def push_to_streaming_api
     Redis.current.publish("timeline:access_token:#{id}", Oj.dump(event: :kill)) if revoked? || destroyed?
   end
diff --git a/app/lib/application_extension.rb b/app/lib/application_extension.rb
index e61cd0721..a1fea6430 100644
--- a/app/lib/application_extension.rb
+++ b/app/lib/application_extension.rb
@@ -8,4 +8,8 @@ module ApplicationExtension
     validates :website, url: true, length: { maximum: 2_000 }, if: :website?
     validates :redirect_uri, length: { maximum: 2_000 }
   end
+
+  def most_recently_used_access_token
+    @most_recently_used_access_token ||= access_tokens.where.not(last_used_at: nil).order(last_used_at: :desc).first
+  end
 end
diff --git a/app/lib/scope_parser.rb b/app/lib/scope_parser.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d268688c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/lib/scope_parser.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class ScopeParser < Parslet::Parser
+  rule(:term)      { match('[a-z]').repeat(1).as(:term) }
+  rule(:colon)     { str(':') }
+  rule(:access)    { (str('write') | str('read')).as(:access) }
+  rule(:namespace) { str('admin').as(:namespace) }
+  rule(:scope)     { ((namespace >> colon).maybe >> ((access >> colon >> term) | access | term)).as(:scope) }
+  root(:scope)
+end
diff --git a/app/lib/scope_transformer.rb b/app/lib/scope_transformer.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fdfc6cf13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/lib/scope_transformer.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+class ScopeTransformer < Parslet::Transform
+  class Scope
+    DEFAULT_TERM   = 'all'
+    DEFAULT_ACCESS = %w(read write).freeze
+
+    attr_reader :namespace, :term
+
+    def initialize(scope)
+      @namespace = scope[:namespace]&.to_s
+      @access    = scope[:access] ? [scope[:access].to_s] : DEFAULT_ACCESS.dup
+      @term      = scope[:term]&.to_s || DEFAULT_TERM
+    end
+
+    def key
+      @key ||= [@namespace, @term].compact.join('/')
+    end
+
+    def access
+      @access.join('/')
+    end
+
+    def merge(other_scope)
+      clone.merge!(other_scope)
+    end
+
+    def merge!(other_scope)
+      raise ArgumentError unless other_scope.namespace == namespace && other_scope.term == term
+
+      @access.concat(other_scope.instance_variable_get('@access'))
+      @access.uniq!
+      @access.sort!
+
+      self
+    end
+  end
+
+  rule(scope: subtree(:scope)) { Scope.new(scope) }
+end
diff --git a/app/views/layouts/modal.html.haml b/app/views/layouts/modal.html.haml
index a2cd1193f..c0ea211ff 100644
--- a/app/views/layouts/modal.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/layouts/modal.html.haml
@@ -12,8 +12,9 @@
         = fa_icon 'sign-out'
 
   .container-alt= yield
+
   .modal-layout__mastodon
     %div
-      %img{alt:'', draggable:'false', src:"#{mascot_url}"}
+      %img{alt: '', draggable: 'false', src: mascot_url }
 
 = render template: 'layouts/application'
diff --git a/app/views/oauth/authorizations/new.html.haml b/app/views/oauth/authorizations/new.html.haml
index 05ff9582e..50f671b26 100644
--- a/app/views/oauth/authorizations/new.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/oauth/authorizations/new.html.haml
@@ -1,26 +1,38 @@
 - content_for :page_title do
   = t('doorkeeper.authorizations.new.title')
 
-.form-container
+.form-container.simple_form
   .oauth-prompt
-    %h2= t('doorkeeper.authorizations.new.prompt', client_name: @pre_auth.client.name)
+    %h3= t('doorkeeper.authorizations.new.title')
 
-    %p
-      = t('doorkeeper.authorizations.new.able_to')
-      != @pre_auth.scopes.map { |scope| t(scope, scope: [:doorkeeper, :scopes]) }.map { |s| "<strong>#{s}</strong>" }.to_sentence
+    %p= t('doorkeeper.authorizations.new.prompt_html', client_name: content_tag(:strong, @pre_auth.client.name))
 
-  = form_tag oauth_authorization_path, method: :post, class: 'simple_form' do
-    = hidden_field_tag :client_id, @pre_auth.client.uid
-    = hidden_field_tag :redirect_uri, @pre_auth.redirect_uri
-    = hidden_field_tag :state, @pre_auth.state
-    = hidden_field_tag :response_type, @pre_auth.response_type
-    = hidden_field_tag :scope, @pre_auth.scope
-    = button_tag t('doorkeeper.authorizations.buttons.authorize'), type: :submit
+    %h3= t('doorkeeper.authorizations.new.review_permissions')
 
-  = form_tag oauth_authorization_path, method: :delete, class: 'simple_form' do
-    = hidden_field_tag :client_id, @pre_auth.client.uid
-    = hidden_field_tag :redirect_uri, @pre_auth.redirect_uri
-    = hidden_field_tag :state, @pre_auth.state
-    = hidden_field_tag :response_type, @pre_auth.response_type
-    = hidden_field_tag :scope, @pre_auth.scope
-    = button_tag t('doorkeeper.authorizations.buttons.deny'), type: :submit, class: 'negative'
+    %ul.permissions-list
+      - grouped_scopes(@pre_auth.scopes).each do |scope|
+        %li.permissions-list__item
+          .permissions-list__item__icon
+            = fa_icon('check')
+          .permissions-list__item__text
+            .permissions-list__item__text__title
+              = t(scope.key, scope: [:doorkeeper, :grouped_scopes, :title])
+            .permissions-list__item__text__type
+              = t(scope.access, scope: [:doorkeeper, :grouped_scopes, :access])
+
+    .actions
+      = form_tag oauth_authorization_path, method: :post do
+        = hidden_field_tag :client_id, @pre_auth.client.uid
+        = hidden_field_tag :redirect_uri, @pre_auth.redirect_uri
+        = hidden_field_tag :state, @pre_auth.state
+        = hidden_field_tag :response_type, @pre_auth.response_type
+        = hidden_field_tag :scope, @pre_auth.scope
+        = button_tag t('doorkeeper.authorizations.buttons.authorize'), type: :submit
+
+      = form_tag oauth_authorization_path, method: :delete do
+        = hidden_field_tag :client_id, @pre_auth.client.uid
+        = hidden_field_tag :redirect_uri, @pre_auth.redirect_uri
+        = hidden_field_tag :state, @pre_auth.state
+        = hidden_field_tag :response_type, @pre_auth.response_type
+        = hidden_field_tag :scope, @pre_auth.scope
+        = button_tag t('doorkeeper.authorizations.buttons.deny'), type: :submit, class: 'negative'
diff --git a/app/views/oauth/authorized_applications/index.html.haml b/app/views/oauth/authorized_applications/index.html.haml
index fbb733db4..fead56f4a 100644
--- a/app/views/oauth/authorized_applications/index.html.haml
+++ b/app/views/oauth/authorized_applications/index.html.haml
@@ -1,24 +1,44 @@
 - content_for :page_title do
   = t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.index.title')
 
-.table-wrapper
-  %table.table
-    %thead
-      %tr
-        %th= t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.index.application')
-        %th= t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.index.scopes')
-        %th= t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.index.created_at')
-        %th
-    %tbody
-      - @applications.each do |application|
-        %tr
-          %td
-            - if application.website.blank?
-              = application.name
-            - else
-              = link_to application.name, application.website, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener noreferrer'
-          %th!= application.scopes.map { |scope| t(scope, scope: [:doorkeeper, :scopes]) }.join(', ')
-          %td= l application.created_at
-          %td
-            - unless application.superapp? || current_account.suspended?
-              = table_link_to 'times', t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.buttons.revoke'), oauth_authorized_application_path(application), method: :delete, data: { confirm: t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.confirmations.revoke') }
+%p= t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.index.description_html')
+
+%hr.spacer/
+
+.announcements-list
+  - @applications.each do |application|
+    .announcements-list__item
+      - if application.website.present?
+        = link_to application.name, application.website, target: '_blank', rel: 'noopener noreferrer', class: 'announcements-list__item__title'
+      - else
+        %strong.announcements-list__item__title
+          = application.name
+          - if application.superapp?
+            %span.account-role.moderator= t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.index.superapp')
+
+      .announcements-list__item__action-bar
+        .announcements-list__item__meta
+          - if application.most_recently_used_access_token
+            = t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.index.last_used_at', date: l(application.most_recently_used_access_token.last_used_at.to_date))
+          - else
+            = t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.index.never_used')
+
+          •
+
+          = t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.index.authorized_at', date: l(application.created_at.to_date))
+
+        - unless application.superapp? || current_account.suspended?
+          %div
+            = table_link_to 'times', t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.buttons.revoke'), oauth_authorized_application_path(application), method: :delete, data: { confirm: t('doorkeeper.authorized_applications.confirmations.revoke') }
+
+      .announcements-list__item__permissions
+        %ul.permissions-list
+          - grouped_scopes(application.scopes).each do |scope|
+            %li.permissions-list__item
+              .permissions-list__item__icon
+                = fa_icon('check')
+              .permissions-list__item__text
+                .permissions-list__item__text__title
+                  = t(scope.key, scope: [:doorkeeper, :grouped_scopes, :title])
+                .permissions-list__item__text__type
+                  = t(scope.access, scope: [:doorkeeper, :grouped_scopes, :access])
diff --git a/app/workers/scheduler/ip_cleanup_scheduler.rb b/app/workers/scheduler/ip_cleanup_scheduler.rb
index adc99c605..7afad2f58 100644
--- a/app/workers/scheduler/ip_cleanup_scheduler.rb
+++ b/app/workers/scheduler/ip_cleanup_scheduler.rb
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ class Scheduler::IpCleanupScheduler
     SessionActivation.where('updated_at < ?', IP_RETENTION_PERIOD.ago).in_batches.destroy_all
     User.where('current_sign_in_at < ?', IP_RETENTION_PERIOD.ago).in_batches.update_all(sign_up_ip: nil)
     LoginActivity.where('created_at < ?', IP_RETENTION_PERIOD.ago).in_batches.destroy_all
+    Doorkeeper::AccessToken.where('last_used_at < ?', IP_RETENTION_PERIOD.ago).in_batches.update_all(last_used_ip: nil)
   end
 
   def clean_expired_ip_blocks!
diff --git a/config/locales/doorkeeper.en.yml b/config/locales/doorkeeper.en.yml
index 8aa099284..5567724ae 100644
--- a/config/locales/doorkeeper.en.yml
+++ b/config/locales/doorkeeper.en.yml
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ en:
       error:
         title: An error has occurred
       new:
-        able_to: It will be able to
-        prompt: Application %{client_name} requests access to your account
+        prompt_html: "%{client_name} would like permission to access your account. It is a third-party application. <strong>If you do not trust it, then you should not authorize it.</strong>"
+        review_permissions: Review permissions
         title: Authorization required
       show:
         title: Copy this authorization code and paste it to the application.
@@ -71,10 +71,12 @@ en:
       confirmations:
         revoke: Are you sure?
       index:
-        application: Application
-        created_at: Authorized
-        date_format: "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
-        scopes: Scopes
+        authorized_at: Authorized on %{date}
+        description_html: These are applications that can access your account using the API. If there are applications you do not recognize here, or an application is misbehaving, you can revoke its access.
+        last_used_at: Last used on %{date}
+        never_used: Never used
+        scopes: Permissions
+        superapp: Internal
         title: Your authorized applications
     errors:
       messages:
@@ -110,6 +112,33 @@ en:
       authorized_applications:
         destroy:
           notice: Application revoked.
+    grouped_scopes:
+      access:
+        read: Read-only access
+        read/write: Read and write access
+        write: Write-only access
+      title:
+        accounts: Accounts
+        admin/accounts: Administration of accounts
+        admin/all: All administrative functions
+        admin/reports: Administration of reports
+        all: Everything
+        blocks: Blocks
+        bookmarks: Bookmarks
+        conversations: Conversations
+        crypto: End-to-end encryption
+        favourites: Favourites
+        filters: Filters
+        follow: Relationships
+        follows: Follows
+        lists: Lists
+        media: Media attachments
+        mutes: Mutes
+        notifications: Notifications
+        push: Push notifications
+        reports: Reports
+        search: Search
+        statuses: Posts
     layouts:
       admin:
         nav:
@@ -124,6 +153,7 @@ en:
       admin:write: modify all data on the server
       admin:write:accounts: perform moderation actions on accounts
       admin:write:reports: perform moderation actions on reports
+      crypto: use end-to-end encryption
       follow: modify account relationships
       push: receive your push notifications
       read: read all your account's data
@@ -143,6 +173,7 @@ en:
       write:accounts: modify your profile
       write:blocks: block accounts and domains
       write:bookmarks: bookmark posts
+      write:conversations: mute and delete conversations
       write:favourites: favourite posts
       write:filters: create filters
       write:follows: follow people
diff --git a/db/migrate/20220227041951_add_last_used_at_to_oauth_access_tokens.rb b/db/migrate/20220227041951_add_last_used_at_to_oauth_access_tokens.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b46e60a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20220227041951_add_last_used_at_to_oauth_access_tokens.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+class AddLastUsedAtToOauthAccessTokens < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+  def change
+    add_column :oauth_access_tokens, :last_used_at, :datetime
+    add_column :oauth_access_tokens, :last_used_ip, :inet
+  end
+end
diff --git a/db/schema.rb b/db/schema.rb
index e54de5b37..756e5e9ab 100644
--- a/db/schema.rb
+++ b/db/schema.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #
 # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
 
-ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2022_02_24_010024) do
+ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2022_02_27_041951) do
 
   # These are extensions that must be enabled in order to support this database
   enable_extension "plpgsql"
@@ -630,6 +630,8 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 2022_02_24_010024) do
     t.string "scopes"
     t.bigint "application_id"
     t.bigint "resource_owner_id"
+    t.datetime "last_used_at"
+    t.inet "last_used_ip"
     t.index ["refresh_token"], name: "index_oauth_access_tokens_on_refresh_token", unique: true
     t.index ["resource_owner_id"], name: "index_oauth_access_tokens_on_resource_owner_id"
     t.index ["token"], name: "index_oauth_access_tokens_on_token", unique: true
diff --git a/spec/lib/scope_transformer_spec.rb b/spec/lib/scope_transformer_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e5a992144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/lib/scope_transformer_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'rails_helper'
+
+describe ScopeTransformer do
+  describe '#apply' do
+    subject { described_class.new.apply(ScopeParser.new.parse(input)) }
+
+    shared_examples 'a scope' do |namespace, term, access|
+      it 'parses the term' do
+        expect(subject.term).to eq term
+      end
+
+      it 'parses the namespace' do
+        expect(subject.namespace).to eq namespace
+      end
+
+      it 'parses the access' do
+        expect(subject.access).to eq access
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'for scope "read"' do
+      let(:input) { 'read' }
+
+      it_behaves_like 'a scope', nil, 'all', 'read'
+    end
+
+    context 'for scope "write"' do
+      let(:input) { 'write' }
+
+      it_behaves_like 'a scope', nil, 'all', 'write'
+    end
+
+    context 'for scope "follow"' do
+      let(:input) { 'follow' }
+
+      it_behaves_like 'a scope', nil, 'follow', 'read/write'
+    end
+
+    context 'for scope "crypto"' do
+      let(:input) { 'crypto' }
+
+      it_behaves_like 'a scope', nil, 'crypto', 'read/write'
+    end
+
+    context 'for scope "push"' do
+      let(:input) { 'push' }
+
+      it_behaves_like 'a scope', nil, 'push', 'read/write'
+    end
+
+    context 'for scope "admin:read"' do
+      let(:input) { 'admin:read' }
+
+      it_behaves_like 'a scope', 'admin', 'all', 'read'
+    end
+
+    context 'for scope "admin:write"' do
+      let(:input) { 'admin:write' }
+
+      it_behaves_like 'a scope', 'admin', 'all', 'write'
+    end
+
+    context 'for scope "admin:read:accounts"' do
+      let(:input) { 'admin:read:accounts' }
+
+      it_behaves_like 'a scope', 'admin', 'accounts', 'read'
+    end
+
+    context 'for scope "admin:write:accounts"' do
+      let(:input) { 'admin:write:accounts' }
+
+      it_behaves_like 'a scope', 'admin', 'accounts', 'write'
+    end
+
+    context 'for scope "read:accounts"' do
+      let(:input) { 'read:accounts' }
+
+      it_behaves_like 'a scope', nil, 'accounts', 'read'
+    end
+
+    context 'for scope "write:accounts"' do
+      let(:input) { 'write:accounts' }
+
+      it_behaves_like 'a scope', nil, 'accounts', 'write'
+    end
+  end
+end